Divine command theory

The view that an act's rightness or wrongness is grounded in a necessarily-good God's nature or command, rather than in a standard independent of God.

Divine command theory grounds moral rightness and wrongness in a necessarily-good God's own nature or command, rather than in some independent standard God merely reports on. On a careful (rather than crude) version, God does not arbitrarily decree what counts as good; God's own necessary nature simply is the standard, and commands express rather than constitute it.

Its main advantage is closing the is-ought gap many secular accounts struggle with: goodness is grounded in a necessarily-existing, personal being who can actually issue binding obligations, rather than in an impersonal fact nobody in particular is obligated to. The classical objection is the Euthyphro dilemma — is a thing good because God commands it, or does God command it because it is already good? — which a "grounded in God's necessary nature" answer has to make good on, not merely assert by naming the position.

Sources

  • Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "Divine Command Theory"
  • Robert Adams, Finite and Infinite Goods (1999), on grounding command in God's necessary nature rather than arbitrary will

Related entries

Atlas entries are written from sources Debby has read, not from memory. They explain a thing; they do not settle an argument. The arguments are in the Library.